Author(s) :

Ayesha Waris, Alishbah Roobi1, Noreen Aslam, Hina Pervaiz, Aqsa Shahid, Rida Sarwar.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Hypoxia-induced brain dysfunction is a serious condition resulting from insufficient oxygen delivery to the brain, leading to diverse neurological abnormalities. Common causes include cardiovascular events, respiratory disorders, and high-altitude exposure. Both acute and chronic hypoxia trigger mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which disrupt neurotransmission, cause synaptic dysfunction, and promote neuronal death. Even slight reductions in oxygen levels can significantly affect cognitive, behavioral, and physiological processes, as the brain consumes nearly 20% of the body’s oxygen. The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, ultimately impairing brain function. Clinically, hypoxia may manifest as cognitive deficits, altered consciousness, or motor dysfunction, with severity depending on duration and intensity. Current therapeutic strategies focus on neuroprotection, oxygen restoration, and rehabilitation, while emerging approaches—such as non-invasive brain stimulation and mitochondrial-targeted drugs—offer promise. Understanding hypoxia’s mechanisms is essential for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions to improve outcomes.

No. of Downloads :

0