Author(s) :

Moiza Noor, Madiha Sarfraz, Zarnab Safdar, Saba Mushtaq.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

As a rapid and tightly controlled defense mechanism, the complement system is a crucial component of innate immunity that also links to adaptive responses. Through three activation pathways—classical, lectin, and alternative pathways—it facilitates pathogen detection, opsonization, and lysis. These pathways culminate at C3 activation and result in the creation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The complement is necessary for host defense, but it can also lead to immunopathology. It aids in the removal of germs and viruses from the body, but it can also harm tissue, as in the cases of tuberculosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and viral infections like West Nile and dengue. Unchecked activation contributes to organ destruction and inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Henoch-Schönlein purpura and IgA nephropathy are related to alternative and lectin pathways, ANCA-associated vasculitides depend on alternative pathway-driven C5a signaling, and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis involves the activation of traditional pathways. New treatments that target complement activation to prevent tissue damage while maintaining host defense have been constructed as a result of the two different functions of complement.

No. of Downloads :

0