Articles

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock is a global health concern in the modern era. AMR in food-producing animals poses a threat to human health and the resilience of food systems. Antibiotic use in livestock is on the rise worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Large-scale use of antibiotics in livestock animals leads to the selection of resistant bacteria and resistance genes, which spread through the environment, food, and direct contact. Human resistant infections are also linked to the use of antibiotics on farms. This complicated problem, which affects the health of people, animals, and the environment, is known as a "one health issue." The burden and causes of animal AMR, the main routes of transmission, the effects on human health and the food chain, and intervention techniques that include environmental controls, biosecurity, and diagnostics are all covered in this review.