Articles

Newcastle Disease(ND) is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that cause economic loss in the worldwide chicken industry. Given the genotypic variations of the Newcastle disease virus(NDV) and the obstacles in maintaining cross-immunity, this article explores the current limits of conventional ND vaccines, emphasizing the practical applications of chitosan, a biodegradable biomaterial, in the production of next-generation nanovaccine delivery platforms. Relative to conventional vaccines, chitosan-based nanoparticles present both types of immunity (cellular, humoral), sustained antigen delivery, and optimized mucosal immune responses. The advantages of chitosan nanovaccine in chicken rearing systems are shown in this research, including lower vaccine cost, enhanced disease control, and strengthened biosecurity. The article finishes by explaining what can happen in the future regarding the use of nanoparticles for nanovaccines, legal requirements, and the areas where the research is still needed in the poultry sector.