Articles

The developing economies of Asia and South America have driven up the consumption of animal products over the last 40 years, which has led to an increase in the world's dietary requirements. This has led to massive changes in the way livestock are managed inside livestock production systems. Due to workforce and resource limitations, producers often need help to evaluate each grazing animal in a herd individually. Precision livestock farming is all about utilizing sensors and computer algorithms to keep an eye on animals in real-time. This helps catch problems early and also makes producers more aware of what each animal requires. Some examples of these technologies include virtual fencing for herd and grazing management, automated weighing systems, geographic information systems (GIS) for evaluating and optimizing pastures, radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors for detecting and monitoring individual animals’ behavior, and body temperature monitoring. Economic and cultural barriers, as well as a lack of technical infrastructure, limit the adoption of existing commercial goods, which are primarily designed for cattle. This review delves into the various PLF systems and applications for grazing animals, offering insights into their current state and future directions for research and tactics aimed at enhancing their uptake and utilization in modern large livestock systems.