Articles

Depression is a mental disorder with long-term sadness, loss of interest in activities, and low energy. This led researchers to focus on nutritional factors, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) known as a complementary approach for managing depression. Omega-3, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can improve mood through interconnected pathways, such as reducing brain inflammation (by lowering arachidonic acid (AA) in cell membranes, which produces inflammatory chemicals), reducing oxidative stress, and supporting neurotransmitter function. Clinical trials, as shown in meta-analyses, indicate that a 1-2 g daily dose of omega-3, especially with 60% EPA, yields good results in lowering depressive symptoms when combined with antidepressants. Results are particularly high for patients with inflammatory markers present in the brain. However, outcomes are not consistent due to differences in dosages, trial design, and formulation. Collectively, omega-3s show effective, low-risk, evidence-based adjuncts in depression management but with a combination of antidepressants.