| 1 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Farhad Buzo Mikhaeel.
Page No :
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Scabies: Overview, Transmission, Symptoms and Prevention
Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei is the common cause of scabies, a skin infestation. Localized cutaneous lesions are its defining feature. In 2017, the World Health Assembly included scabies to its list of neglected tropical illnesses. The purpose of this article was to educate the public about scabies, a common skin infestation, including its symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and mode of transmission. We must raise awareness, obtain correct diagnoses, and begin treatment as soon as possible in order to control scabies and avoid its repercussions.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Farhad Buzo Mikhaeel, Asia AbdulHamid Mohammed Saadullah.
Page No :
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Rising Threat: Candida auris Infections Evade Drugs, Prompting Treatment An Innovations
Abstract
Candida auris, a fatal, drug-resistant fungus, is spreading throughout the world. Researchers find optimism in recent studies focusing on its biology but caution about the restricted treatments. This article aimed to get more information about Candida auris. To prevent this hazard, ongoing drug and disinfection procedure development, and creative testing solutions are essential.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Asia AbdulHamid Mohammed Saadullah , Soleen Azad Sultan.
Page No :
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Waste Disposal and Public Health Risks: A Short Overview
Abstract
Waste disposal practices have critical implications for environmental quality and public health, particularly in rapidly urbanizing and low‑income settings. This article synthesizes evidence on how improper management of municipal, medical, hazardous, and pharmaceutical wastes contributes to disease burden and broader health risks.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Asia AbdulHamid Mohammed Saadullah , Soleen Azad Sultan, Amal Jameel Sadiq.
Page No :
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Zoonotic Vector-Borne Diseases: A Short Overview
Abstract
Zoonotic vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted from animals to humans by blood‑feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, sand flies and tsetse flies. Mosquitoes and ticks are the dominant vectors, and key pathogens include RNA viruses (Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae), rickettsial and other bacteria, and protozoa such as Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Babesia and related parasites. Because VBZDs link human, animal and environmental health, effective response requires an integrated One Health approach, combining enhanced surveillance, ecological and climate‑informed risk modeling, vector control, vaccination where available, and improved environmental management.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Tayba Mushtaq, Mehrab Mushtaq, Muhammad Yasir Malik.
Page No : 1-3
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Heavy Metal Contamination in Freshwater Ecosystems: Bioaccumulation, Physiological Responses, and Human Health Risks Using Major Carps as Bioindicators
Abstract
The issue of heavy metal pollution is a major environmental and health-related problem of the freshwater system because of the insidious and toxic nature of such metals as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Although much research has been conducted, the lack of knowledge regarding bioaccumulation, physiological reactions in fish and the health risks involved make it difficult to control. It is a literature review on sources, environmental and bioaccumulation of heavy metals of major carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala) as bioindicators. It assesses the tissue-specific patterns of accumulation, those effects on growth, reproduction, and fish quality, but focuses on the results of the River Chenab (Head Trimmu). The review covers a discussion of the ecological and population health impacts of biomagnification and dietary exposure, and biomaker-based early environmental stress detection. It offers a guideline to assist management and mitigation of pollution strategies in respect to freshwater.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Yasir Malik.
Page No : 4-6
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Molecular Diagnostics and Management Strategies for Begomovirus-Induced Cotton Leaf Curl Disease: The Role of Weeds as Reservoirs and Vectors
Abstract
Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD), is a disease that is caused by Begomoviruses and causes devastating effects on cotton production, particularly in South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The virus is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) but the weeds serve as reservoirs and vectors that sustain the virus even between cotton-growing seasons. Conventional diagnostic tests such as PCR and ELISA are viable and time consuming and also need specialized equipments, limiting them to remote locations. CRISPR-based technology and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) provide a more effective and quicker method of detection. A major approach to the management of CLCuD is Integrated Pest Management (IPM), weed management, biological management, and development of genetically resistant cotton varieties. The review is based on the concept of molecular diagnostics, the importance of weeds in the spread of the virus, and the existing control strategies, providing the facts on sustainable ways to manage the spread of CLCuD.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Arham, Muhammad Talha Abdur Rehman, Hafiz Muhammad Hamza Aziz Chaudary, Marriam Riaz.
Page No : 7-8
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Predictive Breeding: An Overview of Concepts, Tools, and Future Directions
Abstract
Plant breeding and Genetics contribute significantly to ensuring global food requirements; but the current climate change issues, increased population, and resources scarcity, demand classical breeding to be faster, more accurate and predictive. Predictive breeding is an emerging approach that combines genomics, phenotypic and environmental data along with statistical and computational modeling to predict the plant performance prior to field testing. Apart from its challenges, data availability, model transferability, limited infrastructure. This review highlights the basic concepts, significant tools, and applications of prediction breeding in crop improvement.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha, Soleen Azad Sultan, Amal Jameel Sadiq.
Page No : 13-14
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Intestinal Parasites in Children: An Overview for a School/College-Level
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in children, especially in low‑ and middle‑income countries and deprived communities. Recent systematic reviews and large field studies show that roughly one‑third to one‑half of preschool and school‑age children are infected with at least one intestinal parasite. The evidence supports integrated control strategies combining periodic deworming, water, sanitation and hygiene improvements, health and school‑based education, and, where relevant, animal health measures to reduce transmission and protect child growth and development. This article aimed to know the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children globally.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Zakria Rehman, Abdul Maalik, Abdul Hanan, Mahnoor Rashid, Muhammad Ali Abdullah Shah*.
Page No : 15-16
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DNA Vaccines and Immuno-Metabolic Efficiency in Ruminants: Nutritional Perspectives
Abstract
Infectious diseases lower the productivity of the ruminant production systems not only via morbidity but also by changing nutrient partitioning and efficiency of metabolism. Activation of the immune system decreases glucose, amino acids and micronutrients used in growth and lactation in favor of immune defense leading to lower feed efficiency and performance. Though vaccination plays a crucial role in controlling the disease, traditional vaccine delivery platforms can cause temporary inflammation in the entire body, resulting in decreased feed consumption and metabolic energy balance. A latest method of inducing immunity at low metabolic cost involves DNA vaccines, which are also known as plasmid-mediated expression and endogenous antigen expression. This review combines the present mechanistic understanding of DNA vaccination with the ruminant physiology and animal nutrition with emphasis on their impacts on feed consumption, rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization and immuno-metabolic efficiency. The review has placed DNA vaccination as part of the new immuno-nutritional interventions to revolutionize sustainable production of ruminants and proposed the main research gaps that need to be addressed in the future.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Rafie Zulfiqar, Alisha Fatima, Afnan Babur.
Page No : 17-18
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Biofilm Formation: A Multifaceted Problem Requiring Urgent Attention Encompassing Human, Environment and Animals.
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a new, emerging, multifaceted problem that hinders microbial control in different environmental settings, such as hospitals, the food industry, houses, farms, and the general environment. It also plays a key role in antimicrobial resistance to drugs and environmental stress, making them more persistent. It also makes conventional sanitization procedures useless by providing an external barrier in the form of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. It is also a great economic burden for the public as well as the government. This is a multifaceted problem involving multiple sectors that need a multifactorial approach for proper handling.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Abdul Hannan.
Page No : 19-20
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Microbes and Minerals: The Hidden Drivers of Soil Fertility
Abstract
Soil fertility is governed by complex interactions between biological and geochemical processes, with soil microorganisms and minerals playing central yet often overlooked roles. Microbes regulate nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and mineral weathering, while minerals influence microbial habitat formation, nutrient retention, and soil structural stability. Together, these interactions control the availability of essential macro- and micronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc, thereby sustaining plant growth and ecosystem productivity. Recent advances in soil ecology have highlighted the importance of mineral-associated organic matter, microbial chelation mechanisms, and rhizosphere dynamics in enhancing nutrient use efficiency and long-term soil health. This review synthesizes current knowledge on microbe–mineral interactions and their contributions to nutrient mobilization, carbon stabilization, and soil aggregation. Understanding these hidden drivers of soil fertility provides new opportunities for developing sustainable agricultural practices, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, and promoting climate-smart farming systems. Integrating microbial-based technologies with mineral management strategies offers a promising pathway for improving soil resilience, productivity, and environmental sustainability
| 12 |
Author(s):
Afnan Babur, Umama Babur, Rafie Zulfiqar, Shams Ud Din Afghan.
Page No : 21-22
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The use of Escherichia coli in the Administration of Therapeutic Proteins
Abstract
“Escherichia coli Nissle” is a probiotic strain, which is engineered to administer drugs and proteins locally, reducing drug degradation and dilution, and for target-specific therapy. There are 4 Methods discussed here: “Outer Membrane Vesicles” OVMs, Curli fiber-mediated for inflammatory gut disease, and Targeted expression of certain recombinant gene upon detection of certain chemical signals, and lastly, Bacterial Ghost for administration of Antibodies and Antigen safely, and for previously deemed ineffective drugs due to its structural similarity to ineffective anti cancerous drug. This might seem like a cheat code in diagnosis and treatment, but it can be pathogenic for immunocompromised ones, can disrupt the genome of normal host cells, can cause toxicity, and can become resistant to antimicrobials due to horizontal gene transfer.
