| 1 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha, Amal Jameel Sadiq, Dleen Salman Ismael.
Page No :
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Toxoplasmosis: A Hidden Threat to Women’s Reproductive Health
Abstract
According to reported cases of a critical health issue through the world and Iraq, toxoplasmosis has been seen as a hidden threat to women's reproductive health.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Khalid Jabar Aziz, Nawal Kamal Shokry.
Page No :
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How do Parasites Escape from the Immune System?
Abstract
This article focuses on the clever tactics parasites employ to evade their host's immune system and cause an infection. Essentially, a parasite is an organism that relies on another organism—the host—for its food and survival needs. Medical parasitology specifically covers protozoa, helminths, and certain types of arthropods. When parasitic diseases strike, they trigger immune responses in the host aimed at getting rid of the invaders. However, parasites have also developed a range of effective strategies to fend off these immune attacks and manage to thrive within the host. This article compiles all available information on how parasites manage to avoid being targeted by the host's complement immune system, even in challenging conditions, and explains the mechanisms behind this immune evasion.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Shameeran Salman Ismael, Khalid Jabar Aziz, Nawal Kamal Shokry, Bland Husamuldeen Abdullaha.
Page No :
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Climate Change and Parasitic Infections: Emerging Threats to Global Health
Abstract
Climate change is having a significant impact on nearly every aspect of life on our planet, and the spread of infectious diseases is no exception. Parasitic diseases, in particular, are becoming a major worry because they are so sensitive to changes in weather and climate. This article takes a closer look at how climate change is affecting these diseases, examining the specific ways it happens, what this means for public health, and the latest research findings in this area.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Sumbal Shoukat, Urwah, Sonia, Minahil Mehroz Gill, Samreen Iqbal.
Page No : 1-2
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Advancing Aquaculture: The Role of Genomics, Nutrition, and Disease Management
Abstract
Aquaculture is the most rapidly expanding field of food production and is critical to the global food security. The industry however, has challenges such as disease outbreaks, environmental stressors, feed dependency and the impacts of climate change, even though the industry has potential. These problems require multidisciplinary and integrated measures. This article summarizes the current research on the functions of nutrition, disease control, and genomics of aquaculture. It highlights the relationships between the newest feeding technologies, the technological advances, and the preventive medical care. The combination of these areas will result in a synergistic framework that enhances environmental sustainability, resilience, and productivity. Genomics, nutrition, and disease management are three fields that can enhance aquaculture in a holistic manner. To address the needs of expanding human population, such integration enhances the efficiency of production, minimizes environmental effects and ensures a sustainable supply of healthy and wholesome sea food.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Abubakar Amjad, Muhammad Shahzaib Ashfaq, Farooq Aamin, Iqra Ishaq, Wasi Ullah, Nouman Tariq.
Page No : 6-7
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Pyelonephritis in Pets: The Silent Kidney Killer You Can’t Ignore
Abstract
Pets frequently suffer from pyelonephritis, a dangerous bacterial infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis that primarily affects dogs and cats. Pregnant and immunocompromised animals are more likely to experience serious consequences, and it is most frequently linked to urinary tract infections. It manifests as flank pain, fever, and systemic disease. Despite the possibility of hematogenous spread, the illness is mainly caused by ascending infections from the lower urinary tract. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus species, Proteus species, and Klebsiella species are common causal pathogens that are frequently made easier by immune suppression, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract anomalies, and catheterization. Clinical evaluation, urinalysis, culture, and, in more complex situations, imaging techniques like CT or ultrasound are also necessary for the diagnosis. In addition to supportive care, treatment entails the timely administration of antibiotics customized based on culture results. Addressing underlying risk factors, practicing good hygiene, and using prophylactic medication in high-risk situations like pregnancy are examples of preventive measures. For pets to have positive results and avoid chronic kidney impairment, early detection and effective therapy are essential.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Safdar Hassan, MUAMMAD IRFAN HAIDER.
Page No : 8-9
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The Use Of Azolla Pinnata In Ruminants Feed as Protein Source
Abstract
Feed cost is the major challenge in ruminant production, accounting for 60–70% of total expenses. Protein sources such as soybean meal, canola meal, and groundnut cake are essential for growth and milk production but remain expensive and often compete with human food and industrial use. Azolla pinnata, an aquatic fern symbiotically associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, has emerged as an alternative, sustainable, and low-cost protein source. With crude protein ranging from 20–30% DM, balanced amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and high digestibility, Azolla has been successfully used as a partial replacement for conventional protein meals. Recent studies indicate that feeding Azolla to ruminants improves milk yield, growth rate, feed efficiency, and reduces feed cost by 15–20% Furthermore, Azolla provides environmental benefits, including methane reduction and nitrogen fixation, making it a climate-smart feed option .This article reviews the nutritional value, mode of action, profitability, comparison with conventional protein meals, and future perspectives of Azolla pinnata in ruminant diets.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Minahil Irshad, Umema Sehrish, Noor Fatima, Amna Naveed , Fatima Qamar.
Page No : 10-11
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Probiotics Potential and Challenges in Autoimmune Disorders
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is rising globally, and they are still challenging to treat because immunological dysregulation and the limitations of traditional treatments. Probiotics have shown potential as immunomodulators that can affect host immunity in a number of ways, such as regulating T-cells, increasing mucosal IgA secretion, and modifying cytokines response. Their potential to lower inflammation and restore immunological tolerance is suggested by early clinical research. The productivity of probiotics differs greatly depending on the strain and is impacted by host characteristics like food, microbiome composition, and genetics. Their the therapeutic usage is still limited by issues like inconsistent clinical results, a lack of standardization, and a lack of safety data. Next-generation strains, tailored probiotics, and integration with multi-omics techniques are the main area of research for future research. Probiotics are useful supplement in the developing of treatment autoimmune disease.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Esha Nadeem, Ali Raza.
Page No : 12-13
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Beyond the Hype: Scaling Black Soldier Fly for Green Economy Pathways—Challenges and Innovations
Abstract
The Black Soldier Fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has rightfully emerged as a flagship species in the pursuit of a circular bioeconomy. Its larvae offer a triple-value proposition: rapid organic waste reduction, a sustainable source of protein and lipids for animal feed, and the production of a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer (frass). While extensive research has validated its efficacy at a laboratory and small-scale level, the transition to widespread industrial adoption presents a complex array of scientific, economic, and regulatory challenges. This review extension article moves beyond the established baseline to critically examine the key hurdles hindering the sector's maturation. We identify and discuss five critical frontiers: (1) the safety and regulatory landscape concerning substrate contaminants and product standardization; (2) the technological and economic bottlenecks in industrial-scale production; (3) the nutritional optimization and value-added applications of BSF products; (4) the environmental and social impact assessments required for credible lifecycle analysis; and (5) the policy frameworks and consumer acceptance needed for market integration.Advancing BSF research requires interdisciplinary efforts and collaboration among policymakers, scientists, and industry. The coming decade is likely to determine whether BSF transitions from pilot projects to mainstream solutions.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Wasiullah, Muhammad Adeel, Najeebullah, Fatima Zubair, Mohsin Shah.
Page No : 14-15
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Mastitis: Pathogenesis, Causative Agents, and Future Perspectives
Abstract
The inflammation of the mammary gland, which is known as mastitis, continues to be among the most important and financially crippling diseases in the world in relation to dairy animals. The condition will result in low milk production, altered milk composition, and permanent damage to the udder, leading to severe economic losses for dairy farmers. It is a multifactorial disease that entails the complex interplay between pathogens, host defense mechanisms, and environmental factors. The current review is devoted to the pathogenesis, etiological factors, and prevention of bovine mastitis in detail, with reference to the difficulties and perspectives, as well as prospects in Pakistan. Pathogenesis entails the entry of bacteria via the teat canal, activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, and discharge of the inflammatory mediators, resulting in tissue damage. Some of the significant pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma bovis. The increasing issue of antimicrobial resistance and the sustainable strategies of its control are also considered in the review, as well as new methods, including vaccination, phytotherapy, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. To establish sustainable local production of dairy in Pakistan and other parts of the world, it is imperative to understand molecular processes and local epidemiology better, with an aim of introducing targeted and cost-effective mastitis control measures.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Umer Liaqat, Muhammad Arshad1*, Muhammad Asad1, Soban Asif1 and Sundus Akram2, Dr. Muhammad Arshad, Umer Liaqat.
Page No : 16-17
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Entomopathogenic nematodes: A sustainable biocontrol agent against insect pests.
Abstract
Lepidopterous insect pests poses a serious threat to global agriculture. Increasing insecticides resistance in insects and environmental hazards have encouraged researchers to explore more sustainable approaches. This study highlights the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) sustainable biological control agents against agricultural pests. They are obligatory insect parasites in soil. EPNs are soil-dwelling insect parasites that locate hosts through chemical cues and enter via natural openings (mouth, anus and spiracles). Once inside, they release mutualistic bacteria that kill the host within 24-72 hours, allowing the EPNs to feed, mature and reproduce for one to three generation. EPNs offer several advantages and compatibility with new chemistry insecticides, making them valuable component of pest management programs. However, factors like temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, shelf life and production cost can limit their use. This article highlights the importance of entomopathogenic nematodes, biology, application techniques and efficacy, while highlighting key limitations and research gaps. The study highlighted optimizing time and application methods and native strain selection can enhance performance.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Mahey Nadeem1, Momina Arshad, Laiba Ikram, Aqsa Sumbal, Ayesha Batool.
Page No : 18-20
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Therapeutic Potential of Nigella sativa in Asthma Management: A Review of Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Clinical Evidence
Abstract
Asthma is a serious global health concern that is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunological dysfunction. While conventional medications are effective, they can cause negative effects and fail to entirely treat symptoms in some patients. Nigella sativa (NS), often known as black seed, has emerged as a promising phytotherapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and anti-allergic properties that are relevant to asthma pathophysiology. This review covers current molecular, preclinical, and clinical evidence (2020-2025) that show NS's potential as an adjuvant in asthma treatment. Thymoquinone, the key bioactive element, modulates Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), decreases IgE production, and improves antioxidant defense systems, all while boosting airway smooth muscle relaxation and decreasing eosinophilic infiltration. Preclinical studies show improvements in airway inflammation and remodeling markers, but limited clinical trials reveal increased lung function (FEV₁), Asthma Control Test scores, and lower FeNO and IgE levels. However, translational problems remain due to methodological heterogeneity, a lack of standardized formulations, and a scarcity of large-scale randomized controlled trials. To confirm the therapeutic role of NS in asthma, future research should focus on standardized extract characterisation, dose optimization, biomarker-integrated clinical trials, and long-term safety evaluation. Collectively, Nigella sativa shows great promise as a safe, cost-effective asthma supplemental therapy, necessitating rigorous mechanistic and clinical testing.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Areej Fatima, Muhammad Husnain, Wazuha Tahir, Noor Fatima, Amisha Naz.
Page No : 21-22
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Caffeine, Sugar and Processed Foods: Their Hidden Role in Worsening Anxiety
Abstract
One of the most prevalent mental health conditions in the world is anxiety disorders, to which teenagers and young adults are particularly susceptible. As a stimulant of the central nervous system, caffeine disrupts the equilibrium of neurotransmitters and adenosine receptors, resulting in symptoms like sleeplessness, restlessness, and irritability. Anxiety and mood instability are exacerbated by high-sugar diets because they alter blood glucose levels, trigger stress response, and increase inflammation. Similarly, consuming ultra-processed foods (UPF) frequently, which are high in carbohydrates, unhealthy fats, and additives, causes oxidative stress and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, both of which have a detrimental effect on mental health. The synergistic effects of these dietary components amplify anxiety risk. Promoting balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, may offer protective effects against anxiety and enhance overall mental health.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Esha kiran1, Anees ur Rehman, Faryal Farooq, Huma Aslam, Sobia Dastgeer.
Page No : 23-24
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Boosting Immunity During Seasonal Flu by Consuming Citrus Fruits
Abstract
Seasonal influenza (flu) is an ongoing public health issue that raises the number of sick and dead individuals around the world, especially among young children, older people, and those with preexisting health problems. In addition to vaccination and medication, nutritional approaches that boost host immunity are easily accessible and reasonably priced. Vitamin C, flavonoids, pectin, carotenoids, and essential oils found in citrus fruits (such as orange, lemon, grapefruit, and tangerine) have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and antioxidant properties. By improving leukocyte function, lowering oxidative stress, maintaining mucosal barrier function, and adjusting the gut–immune axis, these bio actives promote both innate and adaptive immunity. When encouraged by extension services, regular consumption of fresh citrus fruits or freshly made juices can lessen the intensity and duration of respiratory diseases and offer useful, community-level advantages.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Shanza Ashraf , Nimra Batool, Qadr iftikhar, Mashita Saleem.
Page No : 25-26
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Importance and Application of legumes in the Development of Nutritious Weaning Foods
Abstract
An infant’s gradual shift from exclusive breastfeeding to the introduction of complementary foods is known as weaning, and it is an important developmental stage. Weaning meals should normally be introduced between the ages of 4 and 6 months, when the baby is growing quickly and has higher nutritional needs. Proper metabolism, good growth, and general development during this stage depend on the provision of foods with balanced nutrition. Legumes and cereal grains are important components of both store-bought and homemade weaning diets. In developing countries, these crops are often the most practical and cost-effective way to give infants foods that are high in protein, minerals, and energy. Therefore, to increase their use in weaning meals, research and development of composite cereal–legume blends are crucial. Promoting baby health and avoiding malnutrition requires an understanding of the significance of supplemental feeding and its proper introduction. Additionally, adding vital vitamins and minerals through fortification and supplementation can greatly improve these meals nutritional value.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Noor ul Iman, Iqra khalid, Hamna Aslam, Qandeel Zahra.
Page No : 27-28
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Intermittent Fasting for Weight Management and Metabolic Health: An Overview
Abstract
Obesity and overweight contribute significantly to cardiometabolic disorders worldwide. Traditional caloric restriction often faces challenges like poor adherence and rebound weight gain. Intermittent fasting (IF) offers an alternative approach that focuses on meal timing rather than quantity, including methods such as alternate-day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted feeding. IF reduces energy intake and activates metabolic pathways that promote lipid oxidation, ketone production, and hormonal regulation for energy balance. It also influences AMPK and mTOR pathways, enhances autophagy, and aligns with circadian rhythms to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, IF positively modulates gut microbiota, enhancing insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Clinical studies indicate that IF effectively reduces body weight and fat mass while preserving lean muscle. It also improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and inflammation. However, variations in fasting protocols and limited long-term studies necessitate further research to assess its long-term safety and efficacy.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Maheen Khalid, Iqra Jabeen, Musaffa Imran, Ume Areeba, Rabia Khalid.
Page No : 29-31
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The Critical Role of Diet-Modulated Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Management of Anxiety
Abstract
The general health and the immune system rely on the bacteria in the gut. There are numerous neuroscientific studies that have shown the significance of bacteria in brain systems formation. It is well demonstrated that the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract is connected with the anxiety and depression disorders. Most of the anxiety disorders are incapacitating and current. An increasing amount of evidence shows that changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota caused by diet affect anxiety symptoms and threat through metabolic, neurological, and endocrine pathways. The review is a synthesis of clinical and molecular evidence that puts anxiety disorders as associated with probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments, microbial genera and metabolites (particularly, short-chain adipose acids), and whole-diet research. The clinical and translational evidence has shown that plant-forward, high-fiber diets and particular psychobiotics reduce the symptoms of anxiety, but those should be interpreted with caution because of the differences in the strains, dosages, study group, and short-term follow-up. Future studies should include large, phenotyped RCTs incorporating microbiome, metabolomic, and neuroimaging end points to come up with accurate dietary recommendations based on microbiomes to prevent anxiety and adjunctive care.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Sobia Dastgeer , Laiba Ikram, Huma Aslam, Esha kiran, Hamna Latif.
Page No : 32-33
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Investigating Sesame Seeds: Bioactive Potential and Therapeutic Advantages
Abstract
One of the first oilseed crops, (Sesamum indicum L.) sesame seeds are valued for due to their beneficial bioactive compounds and high nutritional content. Sesame seeds are an significant component of human nutrition due to their high content of proteins, healthy fats, dietary fiber and vital minerals like magnesium, calcium and iron. Their phytochemicals have potent anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant and cardioprotective qualities, particularly lignans like sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol. These substances help in better metabolic health overall, protect liver function and reduce cholesterol levels. Sesame seeds are becoming more and more acknowledged as a functional food because of their many therapeutic advantages, which include neuroprotection and anticancer potential. This review highlights the medicinal, phytochemical and content of nutrients in sesame seeds, along with their potential to improve health and regulating illness.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Huma Aslam, Muhammad Umer, Sobia Dastgeer, Esha Kiran, Zainab Azam.
Page No : 34-35
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Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits of Carica Papaya
Abstract
The tropical fruit Carica papya L. is widely farmed due to its excellent nutritional and medicinal value. Papain, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and minerals like potassium and magnesium are all exist, along with the crucial vitamins A, B, C, and E. These components possess antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Papaya helps treat chronic illnesses including diabetes, cancer, and heart issues while also enhancing immunity and digestion. Both business and medicine make use of its papain enzyme and seed oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. This review emphasises the nutritional composition, health-promoting qualities, and restorative potential of C. papaya, highlighting its significance as a natural bioactive food that supports overall health and wards against disease.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Azka Mateen, Ramsha Mudassir, Aliya Vishal, M. Hussnain Muneeb Khan, Mariam Ehsan.
Page No : 36-37
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Unlocking the Bioactive and Therapeutic Potential of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus): A review of its Ancient Ayurvedic Secret for Modern Wellness
Abstract
Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) is a common Ayurvedic medicinal plant with widespread use for its curative and therapeutic effects on health.A.racemosus contains a large and diverse number of natural chemical compounds such as steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and polyphenols. That combined effect of its various active compounds is responsible for its wide range of medicinal and therapeutic properties. The species are largely present all over India and other tropical countries. Traditionally, Shatavari has been used for adaptogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It plays an essential role in maintaining female reproductive health, enhancing lactation and fertility and developing immune function. It is use in most modern herbal formulas and functional foods. With few reports on toxicity, it is a nontoxic and versatile plant used in medicine and nutraceutical applications. This review emphasizes its practicality as a traditional remedy by assessing its botanical properties, phytochemical content, pharmacology and future perspective in modern health care.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Aliya Vishal, Fatima Asim, Azka Mateen, Hafza Amina Nisar, Saima Rustom.
Page No : 38-39
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Nutritional Composition and Therapeutic Potential of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds: A Review
Abstract
The recent change in the lifestyle, diet, stress, the ecological variations, and the extensive use of artificial additives in food manufacturing and farming have contributed largely to rapid development of numerous medical issues. Scholars all over the world have been conducting studies to identify natural medicinal compounds that can be used to treat or prevent the occurrence of some of the lifestyle diseases. Due to the presence of different bioactive chemicals, diverse medicinal plants have been shown to be vastly utilized in treatments. One of them is the fenugreek, an important herb that has been discovered by specialists everywhere in the world as an important therapeutical plant. It has widely been asserted that this plant can treat numerous types of diseases, and they include cancer, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and inflammation. Because of its therapeutic benefits, fenugreek have been effectively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Zuha Fatima, Umm ul khair , Maheen Tahir, Jaweeria Azeem, Areena Khalid.
Page No : 40-41
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Impact of arthropods and arboviruses viruses on animals and human health and prevention strategies
Abstract
Arthropods like mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and biting midges are some of the major vectors of arboviruses -arthropod-borne viruses that pose a threat to the health of both animals and humans across the globe. Members of Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Bunyaviridae are these viruses that pose a challenge to get rid of due to their complex life cycle that includes arthropods and vertebrate hosts. The spread of diseases due to climate change, globalization, and animal and human movement has caused the number of diseases to rise, including dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and bluetongue. Arboviral infections lead to huge economic losses, due to lowered productivity, reproductive impairments, death, and trade limitations in animals, and to serious illness, long-term disability, and healthcare strains in humans. Integrated efforts such as the control of vectors, vaccination, better housing, personal protection, and effective surveillance systems are essential in effective prevention. A One Health strategy that brings together human, animal, and environmental health sectors is the most sustainable and coordinated approach to reducing the burden on arboviral epidemics, protecting human health, and achieving food security in the world.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Zuha Fatima, Umm ul khair , Muhammad Abdullah Qureshi, Khansa Parveen, Jaweeria Azeem.
Page No : 42-43
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Babesiosis effect on animals and human health and one health approach for prevention
Abstract
Babesiosis is a tick-borne infection that can lead to the death of animals as well as human beings due to Babesia species. In cattle and other small ruminants, it causes higher mortality rates, decreased milk and meat production, loss of sperm, and significant economic loss whereas in dogs and horses it lowers their utility and value. In humans, the disease results in mild flu-like illness to severe disease threatening cases, such as anemia, kidney failure, and respiratory distress to the elderly and immuno-compromised. The solutions lie in control through management of ticks, improved animal care, human protection, community awareness and safe medical practice. Being an animal, human, and environmental health problem, babesiosis needs a One Health approach that will integrate veterinarians, medical professionals, environmental experts, and policymakers to mitigate its transmission and protect livelihoods and human health.
