Articles

The rate of infectious diseases worldwide is still very high, and new pathogens and resistance to antibiotics are major issues. Although they are commonly used, traditional diagnostic methods are often unresponsive in terms of sensitivity and are not very successful. Biotechnology has revolutionized this sector with the introduction of the most sophisticated tools used, such as PCR, next-generation sequencing, and DNA microarrays, which enable fast and accurate determination of infections. Economical diagnosis still requires immunological procedures of ELISA and monoclonal antibodies. Recent advances, such as CRISPR, nanobiotechnology, and lab-on-a-chip technologies, are transforming point-of-care testing and making it more accessible in low-resource environments. In spite of these developments, there is still accessibility and economic constraints. Better epidemic readiness, predictive health surveillance, and smarter diagnostics are just some of the expected results of biotechnology and AI integration in the future.